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Introduction to Amazon AWS

  1. What Is AWS?



  2. Why Use Cloud Computing?



  3. AWS Global Infrastructure



  4. Key AWS Service Categories

    5. AWS groups its services into several categories:

  5. Understanding the Shared Responsibility Model



  6. Billing and Pricing on AWS



  7. Common Beginner Architectures



  8. Summary of AWS Concepts

    9. Concept Description Examples
    Compute Run applications EC2, Lambda
    Storage Store objects or block data S3, EBS
    Database Managed SQL/NoSQL RDS, DynamoDB
    Networking Virtual networks & routing VPC, CloudFront
    Security User & access management IAM, KMS
    DevOps Monitoring and CI/CD CloudWatch, CodeBuild




Introduction to AWS EC2

  1. What Is Amazon EC2?


  2. Core Concepts


  3. EC2 Workflow: How It All Fits Together

    4. Choose AMI → Choose Instance Type → Configure Networking → Add Storage → Add Key Pair → Launch



  4. Key Concepts Explained in Detail



  5. How EC2 Pricing Works



  6. Connecting to an EC2 Instance

    7. ssh -i mykey.pem ec2-user@<public-ip>



    Use your RDP client → enter public IP → use decrypted administrator password


  7. Elastic IPs



  8. EC2 Ideal Use Cases


  9. EC2 vs. Other Compute Services


    10. Service Purpose
    EC2 Full control of a virtual machine; flexible but requires management
    Lambda Serverless compute, run functions without managing servers
    ECS / EKS Container orchestration (Docker, Kubernetes)
    Lightsail Simplified VPS hosting, easier than EC2


Introduction to AWS S3 (Simple Storage Service)

  1. What Is Amazon S3?


  2. How S3 Stores Data: Buckets and Objects


  3. Accessing S3


  4. Object Storage vs. Filesystem Storage



  5. S3 Storage Classes

    6. Storage Class Description Use Case
    S3 Standard Highest availability and performance General-purpose, frequently accessed data
    S3 Standard-IA (Infrequent Access) Lower cost, slightly lower availability Backup, disaster recovery, long-term assets
    S3 One Zone-IA Data stored in only one AZ Cost saving for easily reproducible data
    S3 Glacier Very low-cost archival storage Long-term backups, regulatory data
    S3 Glacier Deep Archive Lowest cost storage class Cold archives; retrieval may take hours


  6. S3 Bucket Policies & Access Control



  7. Static Website Hosting with S3




  8. S3 Versioning



  9. S3 Lifecycle Rules



  10. Event Notifications



  11. Use Cases



Introduction to AWS RDS (Relational Database Service)

  1. What Is Amazon RDS?


  2. RDS vs. Running Databases on EC2


    3. RDS Database on EC2
    Fully managed backups, updates, failover You maintain OS, database engine, patches
    Automatic scaling Manual hardware changes
    High availability options built in You must configure replication/failover
    Monitoring through CloudWatch You install/manage your own monitoring stack
    No direct OS access (more secure) Full OS access (more flexibility)



  3. Key RDS Components



  4. High Availability with Multi-AZ



  5. Read Replicas (Scaling Read Traffic)



  6. Backups and Snapshots



  7. RDS Monitoring & Metrics



  8. Connecting to an RDS Database

    9. mydb.abcd1234xyz.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com

    psql -h mydb.abcd1234xyz.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com \
     -U myuser -d mydatabase



  9. Aurora: The Special RDS Engine



  10. Pricing Summary



Introduction to AWS DynamoDB

  1. What Is Amazon DynamoDB?


  2. DynamoDB vs. Relational Databases

    3. DynamoDB RDS (SQL Databases)
    Schema-less (flexible attributes) Fixed schemas (columns, constraints)
    Horizontal scaling built-in Vertical scaling mostly (larger DB instance)
    Serverless You manage DB instances
    No joins Joins and complex SQL supported
    Key-value + document model Relational model


  3. Core DynamoDB Concepts

    4. Table: Users
Partition Key: user_id

Table: Orders
Partition Key: customer_id
Sort Key: order_timestamp


  4. Reading and Writing Data

    5. # Put an item
aws dynamodb put-item \
  --table-name Users \
  --item '{"user_id": {"S": "123"}, "name": {"S": "Alice"}}'

# Get an item
aws dynamodb get-item \
  --table-name Users \
  --key '{"user_id": {"S": "123"}}'


  5. Query vs. Scan



  6. DynamoDB Scaling Model




  7. Indexes: GSI and LSI

    8. 
Table: Orders
Partition Key: customer_id
Sort Key: order_timestamp

GSI: lookup by product_id
LSI: lookup by status within same customer_id partition


  8. DynamoDB Streams



  9. DynamoDB Security



  10. Typical Use Cases



Introduction to the AWS CLI (Command Line Interface)

  1. What Is the AWS CLI?


  2. Installing the AWS CLI

    3. # Linux
curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"
unzip awscliv2.zip
sudo ./aws/install

# macOS (pkg installer)
curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/AWSCLIV2.pkg" -o "AWSCLIV2.pkg"
sudo installer -pkg AWSCLIV2.pkg -target /

# Windows
Download the installer from AWS website and run it.


    aws --version


  3. Configuring the AWS CLI

    4. aws configure
    ~/.aws/
    credentials      # stores keys
    config           # stores region/output profile settings


  4. AWS CLI Structure

    5. aws <service> <command> [parameters]


    aws s3 ls
aws ec2 describe-instances
aws dynamodb put-item
aws iam list-users


  5. Using AWS CLI Profiles

    6. aws configure --profile dev
    aws s3 ls --profile dev


  6. Common AWS CLI Examples

    7. aws s3 ls
aws s3 cp file.txt s3://my-bucket/
aws s3 sync ./site s3://my-bucket/site/

    aws ec2 describe-instances
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids i-1234567890
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids i-1234567890

    aws dynamodb list-tables
aws dynamodb get-item --table-name Users --key '{"id": {"S": "1"}}'

    aws iam list-users
aws iam create-user --user-name alice


  7. Using the AWS CLI with JSON

    8. aws ec2 describe-instances --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].InstanceId"
    aws ec2 describe-instances | jq


  8. AWS CLI Pagination

    9. aws ec2 describe-instances --no-paginate


  9. AWS CLI with Environment Variables

    10. export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="ABC..."
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="XYZ..."
export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="eu-central-1"



  10. AWS CLI Automation & Scripting

    11. #!/bin/bash
aws ec2 run-instances \
  --image-id ami-0abcd1234 \
  --instance-type t2.micro \
  --count 1


  11. Command Completion

    12. complete -C '/usr/local/bin/aws_completer' aws



Introduction to AWS Lambda

  1. What Is AWS Lambda?


  2. How Lambda Works

    3. Event  →  Lambda Function  →  Response / Side Effect


  3. Supported Languages



  4. Basic Lambda Function Structure

    5. def handler(event, context):
    name = event.get("name", "World")
    return {"message": f"Hello, {name}!"}


    exports.handler = async (event) => {
    return { message: "Hello from Lambda!" };
};


  5. Triggers: What Can Invoke a Lambda?

    6. ServiceTrigger Example
    S3Run code when a file is uploaded
    API GatewayHandle HTTP requests (serverless API)
    DynamoDB StreamsProcess table insert/update/delete events
    CloudWatch EventsScheduled cron jobs
    SQSProcess messages from a queue
    SNSHandle push notifications/topics
    EventBridgeReact to system-wide events
    KinesisStream processing


  6. Lambda Pricing (Pay Only for Usage)



  7. Execution Environment



  8. Permissions & IAM Roles

    9. Read from S3 → needs s3:GetObject
Write to DynamoDB → needs dynamodb:PutItem
Push logs → needs logs:CreateLogStream + logs:PutLogEvents



  9. Deploying Lambda Functions

    10. aws lambda update-function-code \
  --function-name myFunction \
  --zip-file fileb://function.zip


  10. Logging & Monitoring

    11. aws logs tail /aws/lambda/myFunction --follow


How EC2, S3, RDS, and AWS CLI Work Together to Host an Application

  1. Overview: Hosting an Application on AWS


  2. Role of Each AWS Service in an Application


  3. Typical Full-Stack Architecture

    4. 
                  ┌─────────────────────┐
                  │      S3 Bucket      │ ← stores static files, frontend, uploads
                  └─────────┬───────────┘
                            │
                            ▼
                     CloudFront CDN (optional)
                            │
                            ▼
          ┌────────────────────────────────┐
          │            EC2 Server          │ ← backend/API server
          │   (Node.js, Python, Java, ...) │
          └─────────────────┬──────────────┘
                            │
                            ▼
                 RDS Managed Database
                (PostgreSQL, MySQL, ...)



  4. Step-by-Step Workflow: Hosting an App Using EC2, S3, and RDS


    1. Create and Configure an RDS Database
      2. mydb.abcd1234xyz.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com

    2. Upload Your Website or Assets to S3
      3. aws s3 mb s3://my-frontend-site
aws s3 sync ./dist s3://my-frontend-site

      aws s3 website s3://my-frontend-site --index-document index.html

    3. Launch an EC2 Instance
      4. ssh -i mykey.pem ec2-user@ec2-1-2-3-4.compute.amazonaws.com

    4. Deploy Application Code to EC2
      5. sudo yum install git -y
git clone https://github.com/my/app.git
cd app
npm install
npm start

      export DB_HOST="mydb.abcd1234.rds.amazonaws.com"
export DB_USER="admin"
export DB_PASS="mypassword"

    5. Integrate EC2 with S3
      6. const s3 = new AWS.S3();
await s3.upload({ Bucket: "my-frontend-site", Key: "upload.png", Body: file });

    6. Use AWS CLI for Automation and Deployment
      7. aws ec2 describe-instances
aws rds describe-db-instances
aws s3 sync ./public s3://my-frontend-site

      #!/bin/bash
aws s3 sync ./dist s3://my-frontend-site
ssh ec2-user@server "cd app && git pull && systemctl restart app"


  5. How EC2, S3, and RDS Collaborate Inside the App

    6. Browser
   ▲
   │    GET static HTML/CSS/JS
   │
   ▼
S3 Static Website Hosting
   ▲
   │    AJAX / REST API calls
   ▼
EC2 Backend Server
   ▲
   │    SQL queries
   ▼
RDS Database



  6. Security and IAM Considerations